Introduction to Biomaterials

This book chapter highlights the significance of biomaterials in modern medicine and biology. Biomaterials can be used to replace or repair damaged or missing body parts, allowing patients to regain mobility and improve their quality of life. The unique properties of biomaterials make them suitable for a range of medical devices, including implants, prosthetics, cardiovascular devices, drug delivery systems, wound dressings, and tissue engineering. Biocompatibility is a key characteristic of biomaterials, allowing them to interact with living tissue without causing adverse reactions. Mechanical properties and durability, which cause biomaterials to degrade in the body over time, are other crucial characteristics. Biomaterials are classified into natural and synthetic biomaterials. Each class has its unique advantages, making them suitable for various applications in the medical field. For instance, metals and ceramics are commonly used as cardiovascular, orthopaedic, dental implants and vascular stents due to their strength and biocompatibility, while polymers are used in wound dressings, drug delivery systems, and tissue engineering due to their versatility and customization. The unique properties of natural biomaterials make them attractive for various applications in different fields. Some of these applications include medical implants and devices, pharmaceutics, tissue engineering, food packaging, cosmetics, and environmental applications. Ongoing research efforts are focused on developing biomaterials with improved biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and degradation rates, leading to the creation of innovative treatments and devices in medicine. Overall, biomaterials have the potential to revolutionize healthcare by enabling the development of novel treatments and devices that can improve patient outcomes and quality of life. With ongoing research and development, the potential for biomaterials to transform healthcare is vast, offering hope for the future.