Impact of Screening Mammography on Treatment in Young Women Diagnosed with Breast Cancer

Background There is little data exploring the impact of screening mammography on subsequent treatment in the 40–49-year age group with breast cancer. We sought to assess the association between frequency of mammography in young women and extent of surgery and chemotherapy required. Methods An IRB-approved retrospective review was performed of patients diagnosed with breast cancer between ages 40 and 49 years from 1 January 2010 to 19 November 2018 within a single health system. Patients were grouped based on last screening 1–24 months prior to diagnosis (1–24 group), > 25 months prior to diagnosis (> 25 group), never screened, and > 25+ never screened (combination group). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess for associations between screening intervals and tumor and nodal stage, chemotherapy use, and extent of surgery. Results Of 869 patients included for analysis, 20% were never screened, 60% screened 1–24 months, and 19% screened > 25 months prior to diagnosis. Compared with the 1–24 months group, the never-screened group, > 25 months group, and combined group were more likely to receive chemotherapy. The never-screened and combined groups were more likely to undergo mastectomy and/or axillary lymph node dissection. Of patients undergoing upfront surgery, the > 25 months and combined groups were more likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy, while the never-screened and combined groups were more likely to have nodal disease. Conclusion Our findings support the initiation of screening mammography at age 40 years to reduce the risk of aggressive treatments for newly diagnosed breast cancers in this group.