Current management and future perspectives of penile cancer: An updated review

•Penile cancer is a rare but aggressive disease associated with HPV infection as the main risk factor.•Surgery is the standard of care for localized disease with multimodal approach using perioperative chemotherapy for locally advanced disease.•While metastatic disease remains challenging, discovery of molecular alterations and knowledge of immune tumour microenvironment have recently emerged, offering potential targets for drug development.•With new insights providing in the domains of targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and molecular testing, the landscape of penile cancer continues to evolve.